SPINE

     BONY ANATOMY

   1. Body

   2. Superior Facet

   3. Transverse Process (TVP)

   4. Lamina Groove

   5. Spinous Process

   6. Vertebral Foramen

 

 

 

 

*To locate L4, bony land marks that are commonly used are the tops of the iliac crests. Once L4 is located it makes it much easier to move superiorly or inferiorly to find the processes that are adjacent to L4. Understand that each individual’s body is different and that these land marks are only meant to act as a guide. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MUSCULAR ANATOMY

 

External Obliques

(Anterior Fibers)                                          

                    O: External surfaces of ribs 5-8

                     I: Linea alba by way of broad flat aponerurosis

                     A: Flex the vertebral column (Bilaterally)

 

External Obliques

(Lateral Fibers)                                             

                    O: External surface of 9th rib, external surfaces of 10-12th ribs

                     I: Iguinal ligament, Anterior superior spine of pubic tubercle,

                     and external lip of iliac crest

                     A: Bilaterally- Flex the vertebral column. Unilaterally- Laterally

                     flex the vertebral column approximating the thorax and iliac

                     crest.

 

Internal Obliques

(Lower Anterior Fibers)                              

                    O: Lateral 2/3’s of inguinal ligament and iliac crest

                     I: Crest of pubis

                    A: Compress and support the lower abdominal viscera

 

Internal Obliques

(Upper Anterior Fibers)                             

                    O: Anterior 1/3 of iliac crest

                     I: Linea alba by means of aponeurosis

                    A: Bilaterally- flex the vertebral column, approximating the

                    thorax and pelvis. Unilaterally- with the pelvis fixed, the right

                    Internal Oblique rotates the thorax CW and the left Internal

                   Oblique rotates the thorax CCW.

Internal Oblique

(Lateral Fibers)                                                

                    O: Middle 1/3 of iliac crest

                     I: Inferior borders of 10-12th ribs

                    A: Bilaterally- flex the vertebral column. Unilaterally-

                    laterally flex the vertebral column

 

Transverse Abdominis                                 

                    O: Lower 6 ribs, Anterior ¾ of iliac crest

                     I: Linea alba by means of aponeurosis, pubic crest

                    A: Acts like a girdle to flatten the abdominal wall and compress

                    the abdominal viscera

 

Gluteus Maximus                                         

                    O: Posterior gluteal line of ilium and posterior lower sacrum

                     I: IT band and Gluteal tuberosity of Femur

                    A: Extends, laterally rotates and abducts the hip

 

 

Gluteus Medius                                              

                    O: External surface of ilium just distal to the iliac crest

                     I: Great Trochanter of the Femur

                    A: Abducts the hip joint

 

Gluteus Minimus                                           

                    O: External surface of ilium

                     I: Great Trochanter of the femur

                    A: Abducts, medially rotates and may assist in

                    flexion of the hip joint.

 

Tensor Fascia Lata                                          

                    O: External lip of iliac crest, ASIS

                     I: Iliotibial tract

                    A: Flexes, medially rotates and abducts the hip joint.

                    As well as assist in knee extension.

 

Biceps Femoris                                                

                    O: Long Head: Ischial Tuberosity

                    O: Short Head: Linea Aspera

                     I: Lateral side head of fibula

                    A: Flex and laterally rotate the tibia. As well as the

                    long head extends and laterally rotates hip joint

 

Semitendinosus                                              

                    O: Ischial Tuberosity

                     I: Proximal part of medial surface of body of tibia

                    A: Flexes and medially rotates the tibia. As well as

                    extends and assists in medial rotation of the hip.

 

Semimembranosus                                       

                    O: Ischial Tuberosity

                     I: Posteromedial aspect of medial condyle of tibia

                    A: Flexes and medially rotates the tibia. As well as extends and

                    assists in medial rotation of the hip.

 

Iliopsoas                                                             

                    O: Internal lip of iliac crest

                     I: Lesser Trochanter

                    A: Flexes the hip

 

Psoas Major                                                      

                    O: Ventral surface of transverse processes of all lumbar

                    vertebrae.

                     I: Lesser Trochanter

                    A: Flexes the hip

 

Paraspinal Mucscles                                    

                    O: Anterior surface medial crest of sacrum, spinous processes

                    of lumbar and 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae, posterior

                    medial lip of iliac crest

                     I: By tendons into inferior borders of angles of lower 6th or

                     7th ribs

                    A: Extends the back